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The Body Fat Setpoint
>> Wednesday, December 30, 2009
One pound of human fat contains about 3,500 calories. That represents roughly 40 slices of toast. So if you were to eat one extra slice of toast every day, you would gain just under a pound of fat per month. Conversely, if you were to eat one fewer slice per day, you'd lose a pound a month. Right? Not quite.
How is it that most peoples' body fat mass stays relatively stable over long periods of time, when an imbalance of as little as 5% of calories should lead to rapid changes in weight? Is it because we do complicated calculations in our heads every day, factoring in basal metabolic rate and exercise, to make sure our energy intake precisely matches expenditure? Of course not. We're gifted with a sophisticated system of hormones and brain regions that do the calculations for us unconsciously*.
When it's working properly, this system precisely matches energy intake to expenditure, ensuring a stable and healthy fat mass. It does this by controlling food seeking behaviors, feelings of fullness and even energy expenditure by heat production and physical movements. If you eat a little bit more than usual at a meal, a properly functioning system will say "let's eat a little bit less next time, and also burn some of it off." This is why animals in their natural habitat are nearly always at an appropriate weight, barring starvation. The only time wild animals are overweight enough to compromise maximum physical performance is when it serves an important purpose, such as preparing for hibernation.
I recently came across a classic study that illustrates these principles nicely in humans, titled "Metabolic Response to Experimental Overfeeding in Lean and Overweight Healthy Volunteers", by Dr. Erik O. Diaz and colleagues (1). They overfed lean and modestly overweight volunteers 50% more calories than they naturally consume, under controlled conditions where the investigators could be confident of food intake. Macronutrient composition was 12-42-46 % protein-fat-carbohydrate.
After 6 weeks of massive overfeeding, both lean and overweight subjects gained an average of 10 lb (4.6 kg) of fat mass and 6.6 lb (3 kg) of lean mass. Consistent with what one would expect if the body were trying to burn off excess calories and return to baseline fat mass, the metabolic rate and body heat production of the subjects increased.
Following overfeeding, subjects were allowed to eat however much they wanted for 6 weeks. Both lean and overweight volunteers promptly lost 6.2 of the 10 lb they had gained in fat mass (61% of fat gained), and 1.5 of the 6.6 lb they had gained in lean mass (23%). Here is a graph showing changes in fat mass for each individual that completed the study:
We don't know if they would have lost the remaining fat mass in the following weeks because they were only followed for 6 weeks after overfeeding, although it did appear that they were reaching a plateau slightly above their original body weight. Thus, nearly all subjects "defended" their original body fat mass irrespective of their starting point. Underfeeding studies have shown the same phenomenon: whether lean or overweight, people tend to return to their original fat mass after underfeeding is over. Again, this supports the idea that the body has a body fat mass "set point" that it attempts to defend against changes in either direction. It's one of many systems in the body that attempt to maintain homeostasis.
OK, so why do we care?
We care because this has some very important implications for human obesity. With such a powerful system in place to keep body fat mass in a narrow range, a major departure from that range implies that the system isn't functioning correctly. In other words, obesity has to result from a defect in the system that regulates body fat, because a properly functioning system would not have allowed that degree of fat gain in the first place.
So yes, we are gaining weight because we eat too many calories relative to energy expended. But why are we eating too many calories? Because the system that should be defending a low fat mass is now defending a high fat mass. Therefore, the solution is not simply to restrict calories, or burn more calories through exercise, but to try to "reset" the system that decides what fat mass to defend. Restricting calories isn't necessarily a good solution because the body will attempt to defend its setpoint, whether high or low, by increasing hunger and decreasing its metabolic rate. That's why low-calorie diets, and most diets in general, typically fail in the long term. It's miserable to fight hunger every day.
This raises two questions:
- What caused the system to defend a high fat mass?
- Is it possible to reset the fat mass setpoint, and how would one go about it?
* The hormone leptin and the hypothalamus are the ringleaders, although there are many other elements involved, such as numerous gut-derived peptides, insulin, and a number of other brain regions. Read more...
The Body Fat Setpoint
One pound of human fat contains about 3,500 calories. That represents roughly 40 slices of toast. So if you were to eat one extra slice of toast every day, you would gain just under a pound of fat per month. Conversely, if you were to eat one fewer slice per day, you'd lose a pound a month. Right? Not quite.
How is it that most peoples' body fat mass stays relatively stable over long periods of time, when an imbalance of as little as 5% of calories should lead to rapid changes in weight? Is it because we do complicated calculations in our heads every day, factoring in basal metabolic rate and exercise, to make sure our energy intake precisely matches expenditure? Of course not. We're gifted with a sophisticated system of hormones and brain regions that do the calculations for us unconsciously*.
When it's working properly, this system precisely matches energy intake to expenditure, ensuring a stable and healthy fat mass. It does this by controlling food seeking behaviors, feelings of fullness and even energy expenditure by heat production and physical movements. If you eat a little bit more than usual at a meal, a properly functioning system will say "let's eat a little bit less next time, and also burn some of it off." This is why animals in their natural habitat are nearly always at an appropriate weight, barring starvation. The only time wild animals are overweight enough to compromise maximum physical performance is when it serves an important purpose, such as preparing for hibernation.
I recently came across a classic study that illustrates these principles nicely in humans, titled "Metabolic Response to Experimental Overfeeding in Lean and Overweight Healthy Volunteers", by Dr. Erik O. Diaz and colleagues (1). They overfed lean and modestly overweight volunteers 50% more calories than they naturally consume, under controlled conditions where the investigators could be confident of food intake. Macronutrient composition was 12-42-46 % protein-fat-carbohydrate.
After 6 weeks of massive overfeeding, both lean and overweight subjects gained an average of 10 lb (4.6 kg) of fat mass and 6.6 lb (3 kg) of lean mass. Consistent with what one would expect if the body were trying to burn off excess calories and return to baseline fat mass, the metabolic rate and body heat production of the subjects increased.
Following overfeeding, subjects were allowed to eat however much they wanted for 6 weeks. Both lean and overweight volunteers promptly lost 6.2 of the 10 lb they had gained in fat mass (61% of fat gained), and 1.5 of the 6.6 lb they had gained in lean mass (23%). Here is a graph showing changes in fat mass for each individual that completed the study:
We don't know if they would have lost the remaining fat mass in the following weeks because they were only followed for 6 weeks after overfeeding, although it did appear that they were reaching a plateau slightly above their original body weight. Thus, nearly all subjects "defended" their original body fat mass irrespective of their starting point. Underfeeding studies have shown the same phenomenon: whether lean or overweight, people tend to return to their original fat mass after underfeeding is over. Again, this supports the idea that the body has a body fat mass "set point" that it attempts to defend against changes in either direction. It's one of many systems in the body that attempt to maintain homeostasis.
OK, so why do we care?
We care because this has some very important implications for human obesity. With such a powerful system in place to keep body fat mass in a narrow range, a major departure from that range implies that the system isn't functioning correctly. In other words, obesity has to result from a defect in the system that regulates body fat, because a properly functioning system would not have allowed that degree of fat gain in the first place.
So yes, we are gaining weight because we eat too many calories relative to energy expended. But why are we eating too many calories? Because the system that should be defending a low fat mass is now defending a high fat mass. Therefore, the solution is not simply to restrict calories, or burn more calories through exercise, but to try to "reset" the system that decides what fat mass to defend. Restricting calories isn't necessarily a good solution because the body will attempt to defend its setpoint, whether high or low, by increasing hunger and decreasing its metabolic rate. That's why low-calorie diets, and most diets in general, typically fail in the long term. It's miserable to fight hunger every day.
This raises two questions:
- What caused the system to defend a high fat mass?
- Is it possible to reset the fat mass setpoint, and how would one go about it?
* The hormone leptin and the hypothalamus are the ringleaders, although there are many other elements involved, such as numerous gut-derived peptides, insulin, and a number of other brain regions. Read more...
2010 Honda VFR1200F Wallpapers
2010 Honda VFR1200F Wallpapers
Honda CB300R-Honda Tiger 300CC Specification
Honda CB300R-Honda Tiger 300CC Specification Detail :
4 Cycle DOHC Engine, Single Cylinder, Air Cooled
Engine Cylinder: 291,6cc
Engine Power: 26,53HP @ 7.500 rpm
Max Torque: 2,81kgf.m @ 6.000 rpm
PGM-FI Electronic Injection
Transmission: 6 speed
Ignition Type: Electric Starter
Battery: 12V ? 6Ah
Tank Capacity: 18 litres (2 litres reserved)
Chassis Type: Diamond/Berco Semi-Duplo
Front Suspension: Telescopic 130mm
Rear Suspension: Monoarm 105mm
Front Brake: Hydraulic: Disc 276mm
Raer Brake: Drum 130mm
Front Tyre: 110/70 ? 17M/C 54H
Rear Tyre: 140/70 ? 17M/C 66H
Dimension (L x W x H): 2.085 x 745 x 1.040 mm
Dry Weight: 143kg
Honda CB300R-Honda Tiger 300CC Specification
Honda CB300R-Honda Tiger 300CC Specification Detail :
4 Cycle DOHC Engine, Single Cylinder, Air Cooled
Engine Cylinder: 291,6cc
Engine Power: 26,53HP @ 7.500 rpm
Max Torque: 2,81kgf.m @ 6.000 rpm
PGM-FI Electronic Injection
Transmission: 6 speed
Ignition Type: Electric Starter
Battery: 12V ? 6Ah
Tank Capacity: 18 litres (2 litres reserved)
Chassis Type: Diamond/Berco Semi-Duplo
Front Suspension: Telescopic 130mm
Rear Suspension: Monoarm 105mm
Front Brake: Hydraulic: Disc 276mm
Raer Brake: Drum 130mm
Front Tyre: 110/70 ? 17M/C 54H
Rear Tyre: 140/70 ? 17M/C 66H
Dimension (L x W x H): 2.085 x 745 x 1.040 mm
Dry Weight: 143kg
2010 Honda CB Twister Specification
>> Tuesday, December 29, 2009
The CB Twister looks aggregate but a Hero Honda Splendor or Passion. Many of us bygone accepted to see a apparent and arid driver with button tires and no personality.
By authoritative the move of introducing a lower accommodation motorcycle, Honda expects to see a change in chump acumen and aggrandize this area of the market.
As the name denotes, the 110cc CB Twister is aggressive by bigger the CB1000R. The amount USP of this motorcycle is its style, but there are affluence of added affidavit why barter would buy this product.
You get appearance which aren’t apparent on this ancillary of town. Tubeless tyres, aliment chargeless array and adhesive air clarify advance achievement and abate aliment cost. Added appearance like abbreviate muffler and bisected alternation are attributes that ascertain how beautiful this motorcycle is.
Though the architecture of the Honda CB Twister has been bound at Honda’s Italian architecture flat with the CB1000R as inspiration, the motorcycle is bogus for the ambitious Indian customer. Primarily to abode the charge of the Indian youngster in both rural and burghal areas, the motorcycle will additionally be exported to added countries in the future.
Honda isn’t planning to acquaint ammunition bang or added able engines on the CB Twister, admitting it bidding absorption in bringing bikes of accommodation 180-250 to India in the future. Honda is additionally belief the achievability of electric and amalgam two-wheelers for Indian bazaar in Japan (as appear by Japanese designers of this motorcycle) but they too are at absolutely a distance.
The CB Twister is accessible in bristles colors – Yellow, Green, Black, Red and Blue. The abject archetypal is priced at 42,000 rupees and will be accessible in exhibit in India by the end of February 2010. Via : Indianautosblog
2010 Honda CB Twister Specification
The CB Twister looks aggregate but a Hero Honda Splendor or Passion. Many of us bygone accepted to see a apparent and arid driver with button tires and no personality.
By authoritative the move of introducing a lower accommodation motorcycle, Honda expects to see a change in chump acumen and aggrandize this area of the market.
As the name denotes, the 110cc CB Twister is aggressive by bigger the CB1000R. The amount USP of this motorcycle is its style, but there are affluence of added affidavit why barter would buy this product.
You get appearance which aren’t apparent on this ancillary of town. Tubeless tyres, aliment chargeless array and adhesive air clarify advance achievement and abate aliment cost. Added appearance like abbreviate muffler and bisected alternation are attributes that ascertain how beautiful this motorcycle is.
Though the architecture of the Honda CB Twister has been bound at Honda’s Italian architecture flat with the CB1000R as inspiration, the motorcycle is bogus for the ambitious Indian customer. Primarily to abode the charge of the Indian youngster in both rural and burghal areas, the motorcycle will additionally be exported to added countries in the future.
Honda isn’t planning to acquaint ammunition bang or added able engines on the CB Twister, admitting it bidding absorption in bringing bikes of accommodation 180-250 to India in the future. Honda is additionally belief the achievability of electric and amalgam two-wheelers for Indian bazaar in Japan (as appear by Japanese designers of this motorcycle) but they too are at absolutely a distance.
The CB Twister is accessible in bristles colors – Yellow, Green, Black, Red and Blue. The abject archetypal is priced at 42,000 rupees and will be accessible in exhibit in India by the end of February 2010. Via : Indianautosblog
Honda Civic VTi-S Sport Car Tuning
Imagine, almost nothing remained of the original body. In fact, if asked to guess the brand and type of car, certainly not to be missed.
Edannya again, smooth body Reindy cars would be cut to get the look of the Super GT Touring style. In fact, the previous concept had appeared gokil Japan Grand Touring Car (JGTC). However, that form of impingement is pelontos teenager.
Hence, he does not love the body "destroyed" because of better conversion body speaks a lot when the manufacturing process. That way, the desired detail can be achieved perfectly. "What remains of this Honda Civic headlights stay alone," called Reindy.
Modification process starts from the roof, the front cut as much as 10 cm and 7 cm behind. This step is only to satisfy the car owner wishes to install a set of Honda Integra DCS window. Continues, the model four-door turned into two, again to be attached to the door Integra.
Sepatbor back airscoop with contrived. So also on the front, but on the left and right spoiler, air cavity is also made to machine a wide contrived.
In this modification, which the victim did not just body. Audio is in part affected by reduced trunk. "I want to install roll bars," said Reindy. For construction, selected the 6 points are fitted with bolted way.
Deep black color mix of the dominant with a little red and white can turn the display Honda Civic VTI-S nuanced competition.
Honda Civic VTi-S Sport Car Tuning
Imagine, almost nothing remained of the original body. In fact, if asked to guess the brand and type of car, certainly not to be missed.
Edannya again, smooth body Reindy cars would be cut to get the look of the Super GT Touring style. In fact, the previous concept had appeared gokil Japan Grand Touring Car (JGTC). However, that form of impingement is pelontos teenager.
Hence, he does not love the body "destroyed" because of better conversion body speaks a lot when the manufacturing process. That way, the desired detail can be achieved perfectly. "What remains of this Honda Civic headlights stay alone," called Reindy.
Modification process starts from the roof, the front cut as much as 10 cm and 7 cm behind. This step is only to satisfy the car owner wishes to install a set of Honda Integra DCS window. Continues, the model four-door turned into two, again to be attached to the door Integra.
Sepatbor back airscoop with contrived. So also on the front, but on the left and right spoiler, air cavity is also made to machine a wide contrived.
In this modification, which the victim did not just body. Audio is in part affected by reduced trunk. "I want to install roll bars," said Reindy. For construction, selected the 6 points are fitted with bolted way.
Deep black color mix of the dominant with a little red and white can turn the display Honda Civic VTI-S nuanced competition.
Vario Scooter Concept Modification
If you see every side of a pointed shape, symbolizing the hero weapons. As the front cover, original lamp. The most sensational part, of the back. The model is like a spiral. "I most like the stern of this and be able to invite the attention of people. Something really different," proud father of this child.
Remarkably, many curves, made of fiber. To emphasize the tapering angle and curve, selected one silver color plus black dots.
Not only an impressive body of weapons of war. Contrived Sepatbor tapered front, including a custom rim design with the all-pole spear. Even the size was somewhat daring peleknya, rear and front 8 inches 5 inches. Because the width, axle pushed back to 20 cm.
Uniquely, the rear suspension can be up and down to 5 cm of water because it is equipped with suspension. Recognized Deto, these applications were copied from the car community. To keep the air tube is placed on the deck and filling the air took place as the motor in a well lit due to energy sourced from the battery.
However, to make it able to act skutik still need manual labor. This means, for the wind flow to the rear suspension uses such as a regulator of the tap.
Unfortunately, it is less convenient skutik taken for long walks. Deto not dizzy, because Honda Vario was built for the race.
Vario Scooter Concept Modification
If you see every side of a pointed shape, symbolizing the hero weapons. As the front cover, original lamp. The most sensational part, of the back. The model is like a spiral. "I most like the stern of this and be able to invite the attention of people. Something really different," proud father of this child.
Remarkably, many curves, made of fiber. To emphasize the tapering angle and curve, selected one silver color plus black dots.
Not only an impressive body of weapons of war. Contrived Sepatbor tapered front, including a custom rim design with the all-pole spear. Even the size was somewhat daring peleknya, rear and front 8 inches 5 inches. Because the width, axle pushed back to 20 cm.
Uniquely, the rear suspension can be up and down to 5 cm of water because it is equipped with suspension. Recognized Deto, these applications were copied from the car community. To keep the air tube is placed on the deck and filling the air took place as the motor in a well lit due to energy sourced from the battery.
However, to make it able to act skutik still need manual labor. This means, for the wind flow to the rear suspension uses such as a regulator of the tap.
Unfortunately, it is less convenient skutik taken for long walks. Deto not dizzy, because Honda Vario was built for the race.
Honda Blade Concept Modification From CBR600
Because Honda Blade, Adhi chose the concept refers to the modification Honda CBR600. Thus, a sports genre that is characteristic thick moved to Blade CBR600. However, he did not trace the total concept and its reference because he argued that this modification the total result of improvisation and pure thoughts.
Siwe-daily penggilan Adhi-no cuap origin. Proof, a scrawny body changing Blade like moge, contain and sturdy. Even harmonization and maintained good detail.
With new clothes, of course the effect on the legs of a lack of balance if still retain original devices-devices. The solution, one set of legs from the Honda NSR-SP installed. Then, pro-arm system that is commensurate diapakai if disanding the bodywork.
Dominance of yellow graphic style with motifs made CBR600 Budi besutan look fierce. This was reinforced by the main lamp models from Honda Airblade is suitable. Although not exactly the same shape, at least, this approach miriplah motor. At the top of such mounted lights dark visor.
"This is a variation that is often applied Ninja 250 communities," said Adhi. The back is made thin and long, tapering to the front menyeimbangi that looked like a forward.
Honda Blade Concept Modification From CBR600
Because Honda Blade, Adhi chose the concept refers to the modification Honda CBR600. Thus, a sports genre that is characteristic thick moved to Blade CBR600. However, he did not trace the total concept and its reference because he argued that this modification the total result of improvisation and pure thoughts.
Siwe-daily penggilan Adhi-no cuap origin. Proof, a scrawny body changing Blade like moge, contain and sturdy. Even harmonization and maintained good detail.
With new clothes, of course the effect on the legs of a lack of balance if still retain original devices-devices. The solution, one set of legs from the Honda NSR-SP installed. Then, pro-arm system that is commensurate diapakai if disanding the bodywork.
Dominance of yellow graphic style with motifs made CBR600 Budi besutan look fierce. This was reinforced by the main lamp models from Honda Airblade is suitable. Although not exactly the same shape, at least, this approach miriplah motor. At the top of such mounted lights dark visor.
"This is a variation that is often applied Ninja 250 communities," said Adhi. The back is made thin and long, tapering to the front menyeimbangi that looked like a forward.
Gambar Modif Satria F 150 Streetfighter
It was so, the base motor victim Suryana obsession is kind of a duck from Suzuki Satria F-150. To change the "sex" from the duck into "male model", he handed over the duck to Tauco Custom (TC) in the Sudirman, South Jakarta, is known for making such changes.
Topo Goedhel Atmodjo, skipper TC, dismantle the motor to follow his grandfather posture. Therefore, the motor was made not so high that the standard Monoshock still in use, including the original swing arm is only in-custom bit.
Meanwhile, the front suspension upside down model that he made to stay adjusted. Gas tank was also constrained to contain 6 liters. Display motor looks solid because there is a kind of pipe DELTABOX 1 / 2 inches.
According to the Suryana, comfortable handling motorcycle. Hence, he was sure and confident gush Satria F-150 as a daily drive to work in the field of writing.
These results because he can keep the wheel base, handle the model selection, and the rider with the seat position. Therefore, proper if Suryana satisfied.
Gambar Modif Satria F 150 Streetfighter
It was so, the base motor victim Suryana obsession is kind of a duck from Suzuki Satria F-150. To change the "sex" from the duck into "male model", he handed over the duck to Tauco Custom (TC) in the Sudirman, South Jakarta, is known for making such changes.
Topo Goedhel Atmodjo, skipper TC, dismantle the motor to follow his grandfather posture. Therefore, the motor was made not so high that the standard Monoshock still in use, including the original swing arm is only in-custom bit.
Meanwhile, the front suspension upside down model that he made to stay adjusted. Gas tank was also constrained to contain 6 liters. Display motor looks solid because there is a kind of pipe DELTABOX 1 / 2 inches.
According to the Suryana, comfortable handling motorcycle. Hence, he was sure and confident gush Satria F-150 as a daily drive to work in the field of writing.
These results because he can keep the wheel base, handle the model selection, and the rider with the seat position. Therefore, proper if Suryana satisfied.
Modifikasi Toyota Yaris Ceper Style
Views wide body, according to Ahmad Azhari who was called Didot, because following the use of wheels. For this business he was handed over to the house Brilliant modifications in East Jakarta.
Because the superlebar wheel, fender was slashed to about 3 cm. So, at the stern, in order to display dip but still parallel with the fender lip, the solution contrived negative rear wheel camber. Shown berkelir candy red hatchback is so sweet with dual exhaust design that nangkring in the rear bumper lip.
If you look at the four-wheel composition with sepatbor, I think Yaris is difficult to fast track. However, when handed the keys and contacted a voice like the sound of a compressor followed by the expanding balloon.
Sure enough, Yaris is equipped with air suspension from Air Runners products. Besides pls let me take the wheel width, Didot consideration because the condition of roads in his native city of Palembang, South Sumatra, is still a lot of curls. The installation does not have in Jakarta, but done in the city pempek by JDM Motorsport.
In the baggage hall packed with audio devices. In addition to the size of a 12-inch subwoofer, 2 units of power, and a set of speakers the size of 6 inches, still IVIO plus one 15-inch monitor. So as not to interfere with the driver's view to the rear, up and down the monitor is contrived motorized systems that rely on power windows.
Modifikasi Toyota Yaris Ceper Style
Views wide body, according to Ahmad Azhari who was called Didot, because following the use of wheels. For this business he was handed over to the house Brilliant modifications in East Jakarta.
Because the superlebar wheel, fender was slashed to about 3 cm. So, at the stern, in order to display dip but still parallel with the fender lip, the solution contrived negative rear wheel camber. Shown berkelir candy red hatchback is so sweet with dual exhaust design that nangkring in the rear bumper lip.
If you look at the four-wheel composition with sepatbor, I think Yaris is difficult to fast track. However, when handed the keys and contacted a voice like the sound of a compressor followed by the expanding balloon.
Sure enough, Yaris is equipped with air suspension from Air Runners products. Besides pls let me take the wheel width, Didot consideration because the condition of roads in his native city of Palembang, South Sumatra, is still a lot of curls. The installation does not have in Jakarta, but done in the city pempek by JDM Motorsport.
In the baggage hall packed with audio devices. In addition to the size of a 12-inch subwoofer, 2 units of power, and a set of speakers the size of 6 inches, still IVIO plus one 15-inch monitor. So as not to interfere with the driver's view to the rear, up and down the monitor is contrived motorized systems that rely on power windows.
Gemballa Ferrari Enzo Sport Tuning
Gemballa appear a new Ferrari Enzo affability kit alleged the MIG-U1 that was declared to admission at the Dubai Motor Show, but absent the absolute date this month. This bound copy Ferrari archetypal was completed for Gemballa’s Average East distributor, the Illyas and Mustafa Galardi Group. They acclimated Mustafa’s claimed Ferrari Enzo for the project, and concluded up with some beauteous results. Built like a MIG fighter jet, the Enzo appearance a new aerodynamic anatomy kit consisting of several parts. The achievement numbers haven’t been appear yet, but should be accessible anon if Gemballa affairs to acknowledge it at the accessible Geneva Motor Show in March.
The exoteric administration of this Ferrari is fabricated up of a advanced anatomy kit with abounding added elements. Starting with advanced is a re-sculpted adenoids with awning scoop, arch to the roof beat on top which carries all the way bottomward the aback to the jet thruster bankrupt pipes. The advanced anatomy attitude accustomed Gemballa to add vents in advanced and abaft the wheels, aspect in the fenders, and a ample rear addition that carefully resembles the Subaru STi. With its average east roots it’s hasty this Ferrari Enzo didn’t appear corrective in a gold or a chrome blush scheme, and instead they kept it artlessly atramentous and white. The autogenous accustomed accessory upgrades to the seats and panels with custom blush stitching, about that is all the advice we accept until it shows off to the public.
Read more...Gemballa Ferrari Enzo Sport Tuning
Gemballa appear a new Ferrari Enzo affability kit alleged the MIG-U1 that was declared to admission at the Dubai Motor Show, but absent the absolute date this month. This bound copy Ferrari archetypal was completed for Gemballa’s Average East distributor, the Illyas and Mustafa Galardi Group. They acclimated Mustafa’s claimed Ferrari Enzo for the project, and concluded up with some beauteous results. Built like a MIG fighter jet, the Enzo appearance a new aerodynamic anatomy kit consisting of several parts. The achievement numbers haven’t been appear yet, but should be accessible anon if Gemballa affairs to acknowledge it at the accessible Geneva Motor Show in March.
The exoteric administration of this Ferrari is fabricated up of a advanced anatomy kit with abounding added elements. Starting with advanced is a re-sculpted adenoids with awning scoop, arch to the roof beat on top which carries all the way bottomward the aback to the jet thruster bankrupt pipes. The advanced anatomy attitude accustomed Gemballa to add vents in advanced and abaft the wheels, aspect in the fenders, and a ample rear addition that carefully resembles the Subaru STi. With its average east roots it’s hasty this Ferrari Enzo didn’t appear corrective in a gold or a chrome blush scheme, and instead they kept it artlessly atramentous and white. The autogenous accustomed accessory upgrades to the seats and panels with custom blush stitching, about that is all the advice we accept until it shows off to the public.
Read more...NEW 2010 HONDA CB TWISTER Release
The bulk angel for ex display Delhi is Approx Rs. 42,000/- (Kick Drum)
CB Twister, depicts world’s latest trend with incomparable performance. The prefix “CB” has been acquired from Honda’s admirable world-trend alternation emblematic naked sports and the babble “Twister” depicts bouncing alarm with abounding strength. Taking the afflatus for Drawing from the iconic CB1000R design.
The CB Admiration is action to hit the Indian anchorage by end of February 2010. The bike will be attainable in three variants;
1. Kick Drum Alloy
2. Self Drum Alloy
3. Self Disc Admixture (with 240 mm beat disc brake)
All variants will be attainable in bristles agitative colors i.e. Pearl Amber Yellow, Candy Sonic Green, Pearl Nightstar Black, Pearl Siena Red and Pearl Fuji Blue. Read more...
NEW 2010 HONDA CB TWISTER Release
The bulk angel for ex display Delhi is Approx Rs. 42,000/- (Kick Drum)
CB Twister, depicts world’s latest trend with incomparable performance. The prefix “CB” has been acquired from Honda’s admirable world-trend alternation emblematic naked sports and the babble “Twister” depicts bouncing alarm with abounding strength. Taking the afflatus for Drawing from the iconic CB1000R design.
The CB Admiration is action to hit the Indian anchorage by end of February 2010. The bike will be attainable in three variants;
1. Kick Drum Alloy
2. Self Drum Alloy
3. Self Disc Admixture (with 240 mm beat disc brake)
All variants will be attainable in bristles agitative colors i.e. Pearl Amber Yellow, Candy Sonic Green, Pearl Nightstar Black, Pearl Siena Red and Pearl Fuji Blue. Read more...
Rabbits on a High-Saturated Fat Diet Without Added Cholesterol
>> Saturday, December 26, 2009
I just saw another study that supports my previous post Animal Models of Atherosclerosis: LDL. The hypothesis is that in the absence of excessive added dietary cholesterol, saturated fat does not influence LDL or atherosclerosis in animal models, relative to other fats (although omega-6 polyunsaturated oils do lower LDL in some animal models). This appears to be consistent with what we see in humans.
In this study, they fed four groups of rabbits different diets:
- Regular low-fat rabbit chow
- Regular low-fat rabbit chow plus 0.5 g cholesterol per day
- High-fat diet with 30% calories as coconut oil (saturated) and no added cholesterol
- High-fat diet with 30% calories as sunflower oil (polyunsaturated) and no added cholesterol
Total cholesterol was also the same between all groups except the cholesterol-fed group. TBARS, a measure of lipid oxidation in the blood, was elevated in the cholesterol and sunflower oil groups but not in the chow or coconut groups. Oxidation of blood lipids is one of the major factors in atherosclerosis, the vascular disease that narrows arteries and increases the risk of having a heart attack. Serum vitamin C was lower in the cholesterol-fed groups but not the others.
This supports the idea that saturated fat does not inherently increase LDL, and in fact in most animals it does not. This appears to be the case in humans as well, where long-term trials have shown no difference in LDL between people eating more saturated fat and people eating less, on timescales of one year or more (some short trials show a modest LDL-raising effect, but even this appears to be due to an increase in particle size rather than particle number). Since these trials represent the average of many people, they may hide some individual variability: it may actually increase LDL in some people and decrease it in others.
Merry Christmas! Read more...
Rabbits on a High-Saturated Fat Diet Without Added Cholesterol
I just saw another study that supports my previous post Animal Models of Atherosclerosis: LDL. The hypothesis is that in the absence of excessive added dietary cholesterol, saturated fat does not influence LDL or atherosclerosis in animal models, relative to other fats (although omega-6 polyunsaturated oils do lower LDL in some animal models). This appears to be consistent with what we see in humans.
In this study, they fed four groups of rabbits different diets:
- Regular low-fat rabbit chow
- Regular low-fat rabbit chow plus 0.5 g cholesterol per day
- High-fat diet with 30% calories as coconut oil (saturated) and no added cholesterol
- High-fat diet with 30% calories as sunflower oil (polyunsaturated) and no added cholesterol
Total cholesterol was also the same between all groups except the cholesterol-fed group. TBARS, a measure of lipid oxidation in the blood, was elevated in the cholesterol and sunflower oil groups but not in the chow or coconut groups. Oxidation of blood lipids is one of the major factors in atherosclerosis, the vascular disease that narrows arteries and increases the risk of having a heart attack. Serum vitamin C was lower in the cholesterol-fed groups but not the others.
This supports the idea that saturated fat does not inherently increase LDL, and in fact in most animals it does not. This appears to be the case in humans as well, where long-term trials have shown no difference in LDL between people eating more saturated fat and people eating less, on timescales of one year or more (some short trials show a modest LDL-raising effect, but even this appears to be due to an increase in particle size rather than particle number). Since these trials represent the average of many people, they may hide some individual variability: it may actually increase LDL in some people and decrease it in others.
Merry Christmas! Read more...
Wallpaper Valentino Rossi Picture
>> Friday, December 25, 2009
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Wallpaper Valentino Rossi Picture
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